Research progress on disinfection of medical ultrasound probe_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

ZHANG Linna ¹ , FENG Yujuan ² , YAO Ziyan ¹ , SUN Yi ¹ , ZHANG Xiaoliang ² , LI Xiarong ³ ,  ZHANG Haojun ²

1. School of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China;
2. Department of Public Health and Hospital Infection Management, Affiliated Hospital of Northwest Minzu University / the Second People’s Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China;
3. School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

ZHANG Haojun, Email: haozi_523@163.com

Keywords：

Medical ultrasound probe; pollution; cleaning; disinfect

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.202502070

Video：

Export PDF Favorites Scan Get Citation

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

With the development of medical diagnosis and treatment technology, ultrasound examination has been widely used in clinical practice, but it also faces certain safety hazards. If the ultrasound probe is not effectively disinfected after use, it may be contaminated by pathogenic bacteria transmitted from blood, mucous membranes, genital or rectal secretions, thus becoming a carrier for the transmission of pathogenic bacteria among patients. In addition, the frequent use of ultrasound probe and coupling agent is also an important factor affecting the occurrence of hospital infections. Multiple studies at home and abroad have shown that incomplete cleaning and disinfection of medical ultrasound probe can lead to hospital infection incidents, thereby affecting patient safety and medical quality. Exploring effective disinfection methods and disinfection effects of ultrasound probe is of great significance for hospital infection prevention and control. Therefore, this article provides a review of research related to disinfection of medical ultrasound probe.

Citation： ZHANG Linna, FENG Yujuan, YAO Ziyan, SUN Yi, ZHANG Xiaoliang, LI Xiarong, ZHANG Haojun. Research progress on disinfection of medical ultrasound probe. West China Medical Journal, 2025, 40(3): 475-480. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.202502070 Copy

1.	尹进, 唐丽君, 高琼, 等. 湖南省医用超声探头表面及耦合剂微生物污染现况调查. 实用预防医学, 2021, 28(11): 1394-1396.
2.	费春楠, 蔡勃燕, 杨华明. 医用超声诊疗过程消毒的卫生学意义. 中国消毒学杂志, 2015, 32(9): 911-915.
3.	辛昊, 杨子鑫, 朱梅. 医用超声探头污染现状及消毒方法进展. 中国消毒学杂志, 2023, 40(8): 621-625.
4.	刘珍青, 李娜, 李彦珺. 消毒供应室的质量控制与医院感染控制的研究. 实用临床医药杂志, 2018, 22(18): 53-55.
5.	李六亿, 张流波, 姚楚水, 等. 医疗机构消毒技术规范//2014 年河南省护理学会医院感染管理专业学术研讨会论文集. 郑州: 河南省护理学会医院感染管理分会, 2014: 40.
6.	林云万, 张旭, 赵正阳, 等. 医用超声探头及耦合剂微生物污染调查及分析. 中国消毒学杂志, 2023, 40(2): 106-108.
7.	姚希, 巩玉秀, 张宇, 等. 《医疗机构消毒技术规范》WS/T 367-2012 实施情况调查. 中国感染控制杂志, 2020, 19(8): 728-732.
8.	郭爱香, 王素凤, 乔海燕, 等. 某三甲医院 B 超探头微生物污染现况调查. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2020, 30(2): 263-266.
9.	上海市市场监督管理局. 医用超声探头消毒卫生要求. 上海: 上海市市场监督管理局, 2022.
10.	韩佳音, 林锦炎, 陈惠珍, 等. 一起剖宫产术后切口愈合不良事件流行病学调查. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2014, 24(6): 1518-1520.
11.	孙吉花, 宋洪芳, 樊国爱, 等. 洋葱伯克霍尔德菌下呼吸道感染流行病学调查. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2024, 34(18): 2828-2831.
12.	肖姗, 罗美华, 欧新华. 某市医疗机构 B 超探头微生物污染现状分析. 中国消毒学杂志, 2017, 34(5): 480-482.
13.	刘希茹, 段弘扬, 李涛, 等. 体外超声探头及阴道超声探头微生物污染现况调查. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2020, 30(5): 775-779.
14.	陈羽浩, 江飞, 刘剑桥, 等. B 超探头消毒器在医用超声探头表面消毒的应用研究. 实用预防医学, 2019, 26(1): 101-102.
15.	刘希茹, 沈瑾, 李涛, 等. 北京市体外超声探头及耦合剂微生物污染现况调查. 中国消毒学杂志, 2017, 34(4): 341-344.
16.	Kanagala P, Bradley C, Hoffman P, et al. Guidelines for transoesophageal echocardiographic probe cleaning and disinfection from the British Society of Echocardiography. Eur J Echocardiogr, 2011, 12(10): i17-i23.
17.	何荣攀, 李贤煌, 毕正琴, 等. 37 所医院消化内镜超声探头清洗消毒现况调查. 中国感染控制杂志, 2020, 19(12): 1059-1063.
18.	Osterman MJ, Martin JA. Changes in cesarean delivery rates by gestational age: United States, 1996-2011. NCHS Data Brief, 2013(124): 1-8.
19.	河北省药物警戒中心. 河北省药物警戒中心关于上报河北省医疗器械不良事件季度风险汇总分析的报告: 冀药警戒〔2022〕6 号. 石家庄: 河北省药物警戒中心, 2022.
20.	刘欣欣, 闫玲, 赵一飞, 等. 阴道超声探头消毒与感染风险的调研及分析. 中国医学装备, 2022, 19(9): 162-167.
21.	Moshkanbaryans L, Meyers C, Ngu A, et al. The importance of infection prevention and control in medical ultrasound. Australas J Ultrasound Med, 2015, 18(3): 96-99.
22.	Hutchinson J, Runge W, Mulvey M, et al. Burkholderia cepacia infections associated with intrinsically contaminated ultrasound gel: the role of microbial degradation of parabens. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 2004, 25(4): 291-296.
23.	Carrico RM, Furmanek S, English C. Ultrasound probe use and reprocessing: results from a national survey among U.S. infection preventionists. Am J Infect Control, 2018, 46(8): 913-920.
24.	Andolfo A, Maatoug R, Peiffer-Smadja N, et al. Emergency ward ultrasound: clinical audit on disinfection practices during routine and sterile examinations. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control, 2021, 10(1): 25.
25.	Miyague AH, Mauad FM, Martins Wde P, et al. Ultrasound scan as a potential source of nosocomial and crossinfection: a literature review. Radiol Bras, 2015, 48(5): 319-323.
26.	Lei H, Dong X, Li L, et al. Retrospective study of the etiology and risk factors of systemic inflammatory response syndrome after systematic transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. Infect Drug Resist, 2020, 13: 3187-3193.
27.	Karadenz YM, Kiliç D, Kara Altan S, et al. Evaluation of the role of ultrasound machines as a source of nosocomial and cross-infection. Invest Radiol, 2001, 36(9): 554-558.
28.	丁红晖, 谭莉, 邹明君, 等. 某三甲医院超声诊断仪微生物污染现况调查. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2023, 33(16): 2545-2549.
29.	Rutala WA, Weber DJ, Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. Guideline for disinfection and sterilization of prion-contaminated medical instruments. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2010. 31(2): 107-117.
30.	M’Zali F, Bounizra C, Leroy S, et al. Persistence of microbial contamination on transvaginal ultrasound probes despite low-level disinfection procedure. PLoS One, 2014, 9(4): e93368.
31.	Casalegno JS, Le Bail Carval K, Eibach D, et al. High risk HPV contamination of endocavity vaginal ultrasound probes: an underestimated route of nosocomial infection?. PLoS One, 2012, 7(10): e48137.
32.	Ding DC, Chang YC, Liu HW, et al. Long-term persistence of human papillomavirus in environments. Gynecol Oncol, 2011, 121(1): 148-151.
33.	国家食品药品监督管理总局. 医用超声耦合剂. 北京: 国家食品药品监督管理总局, 2016.
34.	国家药品监督管理局. 医用超声耦合剂. 北京: 国家食品药品监督管理总局, 2022.
35.	湖南省质量技术监督局. 医用超声探头表面消毒要求与效果评价方法. 长沙: 湖南省质量技术监督局, 2017.
36.	经食道超声心动图临床应用的中国专家共识专家组. 中国经食道超声心动图探头清洗消毒指南. 中国循环杂志, 2020, 35(5): 419-426.
37.	刘思娣, 豆清娅, 易亮, 等. 探讨不同消毒方法对超声探头消毒效果的影响. 中国感染控制杂志, 2019, 18(9): 854-858.
38.	SMFM Patient Safety and Quality Committee. Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Special statement: reducing the risk of transmitting infection by transvaginal ultrasound examination. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2020, 223(3): B2-B6.
39.	Canadian Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonography. Professional practice guidelines and policy statements for Canadian sonography. Ottawa: Canadian Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonography, 2014.
40.	American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. AIUM official statement: guidelines for cleaning and preparing external- and internal-use ultrasound transducers and equipment between patients as well as safe handling and use of ultrasound coupling gel. J Ultrasound Med, 2023, 42(7): E13-E22.
41.	Australasian Sonographers Association. Disinfection of intracavity ultrasound transducers. Melbourne: Australasian Sonographers Association, 2012.
42.	Agência Nacional de Vigilancia Sanitaria. Manual de limpeza e desinfecaode aparelhos endoscópicos. Brasil: Agência Nacional de Vigilancia Sanitaria, 2013.
43.	刘希茹, 张流波. 医用超声诊疗过程中的卫生现况及消毒进展. 中国消毒学杂志, 2017, 34(5): 468-472.
44.	唐倩, 胡姚佳, 朱丽辉. 消毒湿巾临床应用研究进展. 中国消毒学杂志, 2021, 38(3): 221-225.
45.	Muradali D, Gold WL, Phillips A, et al. Can ultrasound probes and coupling gel be a source of nosocomial infection in patients undergoing sonography? An in vivo and in vitro study. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 1995, 164(6): 1521-1524.
46.	Bello TO, Taiwo SS, Oparinde DP, et al. Risk of nosocomial bacteria transmission: evaluation of cleaning methods of probes used for routine ultrasonography. West Afr J Med, 2005, 24(2): 167-170.
47.	Colandrea NA, Cleary ML, Peaper DR, et al. Oxygen nipple and nut (Christmas tree) adaptor contamination rates and decontamination with disinfecting wipes. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 2020, 41(4): 396-399.
48.	贾巍, 傅虹, 艾山江·哈得尔, 等. 复合双链季铵盐消毒湿巾对 B 超探头的消毒效果研究//中华预防医学会消毒分会 2014 年学术年会论文. 合肥: 中华预防医学会消毒分会, 2014: 157-159.
49.	柏荣华, 张冰, 康海全, 等. 一种湿巾对医用超声探头消毒效果及耦合剂带菌量的观察. 中国消毒学杂志, 2020, 37(10): 727-729.
50.	Koibuchi H, Fujii Y, Kotani K, et al. Degradation of ultrasound probes caused by disinfection with alcohol. J Med Ultrason (2001), 2011, 38(2): 97-100.
51.	Mizuide M, Ryozawa S, Fujita A, et al. Complications of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration: a narrative review. Diagnostics (Basel), 2020, 10(11): 964.
52.	Ejtehadi F, Ejtehadi F, Teb JC, et al. A safe and practical decontamination method to reduce the risk of bacterial colonization of ultrasound transducers. J Clin Ultrasound, 2014, 42(7): 395-398.
53.	Gray RA, Williams PL, Dubbins PA, et al. Decontamination of transvaginal ultrasound probes: review of national practice and need for national guidelines. Clin Radiol, 2012, 67(11): 1069-1077.
54.	高宇, 李喆, 楚娜, 等. 综合性医院经食管超声心动图探头的感控管理实践. 山西医药杂志, 2022, 51(14): 1658-1660.
55.	谭莉, 彭威军, 范允舟. 不同消毒措施对 B 超探头消毒效果观察. 中国消毒学杂志, 2018, 35(8): 576-577, 580.
56.	Chen GQ, Chen YH, Yi L, et al. Study on a new ultraviolet sterilizer to the surface disinfection of the ultrasound probe. Biomed Environ Sci, 2018, 31(2): 163-167.
57.	深圳市华上医疗技术有限公司. 一种双氧水与紫外灯结合的超声探头消毒装置: CN202110095394.3. 2021-05-14.
58.	Merz E. Is transducer hygiene sufficient when vaginal probes are used in the clinical routine?. Ultraschall Med, 2016, 37(2): 137-139.
59.	Kyriacou C, Robinson E, Barcroft J, et al. Time-effectiveness and convenience of transvaginal ultrasound probe disinfection using ultraviolet vs chlorine dioxide multistep wipe system: prospective survey study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2022, 60(1): 132-138.
60.	孟伟, 王若蛟, 吕珂, 等. COVID-19 疫情期间非隔离诊区超声设备的消毒. 基础医学与临床, 2020, 40(9): 1261-1265.
61.	Frazee BW, Fahimi J, Lambert L, et al. Emergency department ultrasonographic probe contamination and experimental model of probe disinfection. Ann Emerg Med, 2011, 58(1): 56-63.

1. 尹进, 唐丽君, 高琼, 等. 湖南省医用超声探头表面及耦合剂微生物污染现况调查. 实用预防医学, 2021, 28(11): 1394-1396.
2. 费春楠, 蔡勃燕, 杨华明. 医用超声诊疗过程消毒的卫生学意义. 中国消毒学杂志, 2015, 32(9): 911-915.
3. 辛昊, 杨子鑫, 朱梅. 医用超声探头污染现状及消毒方法进展. 中国消毒学杂志, 2023, 40(8): 621-625.
4. 刘珍青, 李娜, 李彦珺. 消毒供应室的质量控制与医院感染控制的研究. 实用临床医药杂志, 2018, 22(18): 53-55.
5. 李六亿, 张流波, 姚楚水, 等. 医疗机构消毒技术规范//2014 年河南省护理学会医院感染管理专业学术研讨会论文集. 郑州: 河南省护理学会医院感染管理分会, 2014: 40.
6. 林云万, 张旭, 赵正阳, 等. 医用超声探头及耦合剂微生物污染调查及分析. 中国消毒学杂志, 2023, 40(2): 106-108.
7. 姚希, 巩玉秀, 张宇, 等. 《医疗机构消毒技术规范》WS/T 367-2012 实施情况调查. 中国感染控制杂志, 2020, 19(8): 728-732.
8. 郭爱香, 王素凤, 乔海燕, 等. 某三甲医院 B 超探头微生物污染现况调查. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2020, 30(2): 263-266.
9. 上海市市场监督管理局. 医用超声探头消毒卫生要求. 上海: 上海市市场监督管理局, 2022.
10. 韩佳音, 林锦炎, 陈惠珍, 等. 一起剖宫产术后切口愈合不良事件流行病学调查. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2014, 24(6): 1518-1520.
11. 孙吉花, 宋洪芳, 樊国爱, 等. 洋葱伯克霍尔德菌下呼吸道感染流行病学调查. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2024, 34(18): 2828-2831.
12. 肖姗, 罗美华, 欧新华. 某市医疗机构 B 超探头微生物污染现状分析. 中国消毒学杂志, 2017, 34(5): 480-482.
13. 刘希茹, 段弘扬, 李涛, 等. 体外超声探头及阴道超声探头微生物污染现况调查. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2020, 30(5): 775-779.
14. 陈羽浩, 江飞, 刘剑桥, 等. B 超探头消毒器在医用超声探头表面消毒的应用研究. 实用预防医学, 2019, 26(1): 101-102.
15. 刘希茹, 沈瑾, 李涛, 等. 北京市体外超声探头及耦合剂微生物污染现况调查. 中国消毒学杂志, 2017, 34(4): 341-344.
16. Kanagala P, Bradley C, Hoffman P, et al. Guidelines for transoesophageal echocardiographic probe cleaning and disinfection from the British Society of Echocardiography. Eur J Echocardiogr, 2011, 12(10): i17-i23.
17. 何荣攀, 李贤煌, 毕正琴, 等. 37 所医院消化内镜超声探头清洗消毒现况调查. 中国感染控制杂志, 2020, 19(12): 1059-1063.
18. Osterman MJ, Martin JA. Changes in cesarean delivery rates by gestational age: United States, 1996-2011. NCHS Data Brief, 2013(124): 1-8.
19. 河北省药物警戒中心. 河北省药物警戒中心关于上报河北省医疗器械不良事件季度风险汇总分析的报告: 冀药警戒〔2022〕6 号. 石家庄: 河北省药物警戒中心, 2022.
20. 刘欣欣, 闫玲, 赵一飞, 等. 阴道超声探头消毒与感染风险的调研及分析. 中国医学装备, 2022, 19(9): 162-167.
21. Moshkanbaryans L, Meyers C, Ngu A, et al. The importance of infection prevention and control in medical ultrasound. Australas J Ultrasound Med, 2015, 18(3): 96-99.
22. Hutchinson J, Runge W, Mulvey M, et al. Burkholderia cepacia infections associated with intrinsically contaminated ultrasound gel: the role of microbial degradation of parabens. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 2004, 25(4): 291-296.
23. Carrico RM, Furmanek S, English C. Ultrasound probe use and reprocessing: results from a national survey among U.S. infection preventionists. Am J Infect Control, 2018, 46(8): 913-920.
24. Andolfo A, Maatoug R, Peiffer-Smadja N, et al. Emergency ward ultrasound: clinical audit on disinfection practices during routine and sterile examinations. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control, 2021, 10(1): 25.
25. Miyague AH, Mauad FM, Martins Wde P, et al. Ultrasound scan as a potential source of nosocomial and crossinfection: a literature review. Radiol Bras, 2015, 48(5): 319-323.
26. Lei H, Dong X, Li L, et al. Retrospective study of the etiology and risk factors of systemic inflammatory response syndrome after systematic transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. Infect Drug Resist, 2020, 13: 3187-3193.
27. Karadenz YM, Kiliç D, Kara Altan S, et al. Evaluation of the role of ultrasound machines as a source of nosocomial and cross-infection. Invest Radiol, 2001, 36(9): 554-558.
28. 丁红晖, 谭莉, 邹明君, 等. 某三甲医院超声诊断仪微生物污染现况调查. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2023, 33(16): 2545-2549.
29. Rutala WA, Weber DJ, Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. Guideline for disinfection and sterilization of prion-contaminated medical instruments. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2010. 31(2): 107-117.
30. M’Zali F, Bounizra C, Leroy S, et al. Persistence of microbial contamination on transvaginal ultrasound probes despite low-level disinfection procedure. PLoS One, 2014, 9(4): e93368.
31. Casalegno JS, Le Bail Carval K, Eibach D, et al. High risk HPV contamination of endocavity vaginal ultrasound probes: an underestimated route of nosocomial infection?. PLoS One, 2012, 7(10): e48137.
32. Ding DC, Chang YC, Liu HW, et al. Long-term persistence of human papillomavirus in environments. Gynecol Oncol, 2011, 121(1): 148-151.
33. 国家食品药品监督管理总局. 医用超声耦合剂. 北京: 国家食品药品监督管理总局, 2016.
34. 国家药品监督管理局. 医用超声耦合剂. 北京: 国家食品药品监督管理总局, 2022.
35. 湖南省质量技术监督局. 医用超声探头表面消毒要求与效果评价方法. 长沙: 湖南省质量技术监督局, 2017.
36. 经食道超声心动图临床应用的中国专家共识专家组. 中国经食道超声心动图探头清洗消毒指南. 中国循环杂志, 2020, 35(5): 419-426.
37. 刘思娣, 豆清娅, 易亮, 等. 探讨不同消毒方法对超声探头消毒效果的影响. 中国感染控制杂志, 2019, 18(9): 854-858.
38. SMFM Patient Safety and Quality Committee. Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Special statement: reducing the risk of transmitting infection by transvaginal ultrasound examination. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2020, 223(3): B2-B6.
39. Canadian Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonography. Professional practice guidelines and policy statements for Canadian sonography. Ottawa: Canadian Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonography, 2014.
40. American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. AIUM official statement: guidelines for cleaning and preparing external- and internal-use ultrasound transducers and equipment between patients as well as safe handling and use of ultrasound coupling gel. J Ultrasound Med, 2023, 42(7): E13-E22.
41. Australasian Sonographers Association. Disinfection of intracavity ultrasound transducers. Melbourne: Australasian Sonographers Association, 2012.
42. Agência Nacional de Vigilancia Sanitaria. Manual de limpeza e desinfecaode aparelhos endoscópicos. Brasil: Agência Nacional de Vigilancia Sanitaria, 2013.
43. 刘希茹, 张流波. 医用超声诊疗过程中的卫生现况及消毒进展. 中国消毒学杂志, 2017, 34(5): 468-472.
44. 唐倩, 胡姚佳, 朱丽辉. 消毒湿巾临床应用研究进展. 中国消毒学杂志, 2021, 38(3): 221-225.
45. Muradali D, Gold WL, Phillips A, et al. Can ultrasound probes and coupling gel be a source of nosocomial infection in patients undergoing sonography? An in vivo and in vitro study. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 1995, 164(6): 1521-1524.
46. Bello TO, Taiwo SS, Oparinde DP, et al. Risk of nosocomial bacteria transmission: evaluation of cleaning methods of probes used for routine ultrasonography. West Afr J Med, 2005, 24(2): 167-170.
47. Colandrea NA, Cleary ML, Peaper DR, et al. Oxygen nipple and nut (Christmas tree) adaptor contamination rates and decontamination with disinfecting wipes. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 2020, 41(4): 396-399.
48. 贾巍, 傅虹, 艾山江·哈得尔, 等. 复合双链季铵盐消毒湿巾对 B 超探头的消毒效果研究//中华预防医学会消毒分会 2014 年学术年会论文. 合肥: 中华预防医学会消毒分会, 2014: 157-159.
49. 柏荣华, 张冰, 康海全, 等. 一种湿巾对医用超声探头消毒效果及耦合剂带菌量的观察. 中国消毒学杂志, 2020, 37(10): 727-729.
50. Koibuchi H, Fujii Y, Kotani K, et al. Degradation of ultrasound probes caused by disinfection with alcohol. J Med Ultrason (2001), 2011, 38(2): 97-100.
51. Mizuide M, Ryozawa S, Fujita A, et al. Complications of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration: a narrative review. Diagnostics (Basel), 2020, 10(11): 964.
52. Ejtehadi F, Ejtehadi F, Teb JC, et al. A safe and practical decontamination method to reduce the risk of bacterial colonization of ultrasound transducers. J Clin Ultrasound, 2014, 42(7): 395-398.
53. Gray RA, Williams PL, Dubbins PA, et al. Decontamination of transvaginal ultrasound probes: review of national practice and need for national guidelines. Clin Radiol, 2012, 67(11): 1069-1077.
54. 高宇, 李喆, 楚娜, 等. 综合性医院经食管超声心动图探头的感控管理实践. 山西医药杂志, 2022, 51(14): 1658-1660.
55. 谭莉, 彭威军, 范允舟. 不同消毒措施对 B 超探头消毒效果观察. 中国消毒学杂志, 2018, 35(8): 576-577, 580.
56. Chen GQ, Chen YH, Yi L, et al. Study on a new ultraviolet sterilizer to the surface disinfection of the ultrasound probe. Biomed Environ Sci, 2018, 31(2): 163-167.
57. 深圳市华上医疗技术有限公司. 一种双氧水与紫外灯结合的超声探头消毒装置: CN202110095394.3. 2021-05-14.
58. Merz E. Is transducer hygiene sufficient when vaginal probes are used in the clinical routine?. Ultraschall Med, 2016, 37(2): 137-139.
59. Kyriacou C, Robinson E, Barcroft J, et al. Time-effectiveness and convenience of transvaginal ultrasound probe disinfection using ultraviolet vs chlorine dioxide multistep wipe system: prospective survey study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2022, 60(1): 132-138.
60. 孟伟, 王若蛟, 吕珂, 等. COVID-19 疫情期间非隔离诊区超声设备的消毒. 基础医学与临床, 2020, 40(9): 1261-1265.
61. Frazee BW, Fahimi J, Lambert L, et al. Emergency department ultrasonographic probe contamination and experimental model of probe disinfection. Ann Emerg Med, 2011, 58(1): 56-63.

West China Medical Journal

Research progress on disinfection of medical ultrasound probe

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Previous Article

Next Article

Format

Content