ObjectiveTo summarize the research progress on the role of exosomes derived from different sources in hepatic stellate cells.MethodThe experimental studies and clinical applications of exosomes from different cell sources effected on hepatic stellate cells were reviewed.ResultsIn the occurrence and development of liver fibrosis pathological physiological process, the activation, proliferation, migration, apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells played the important roles on the development of liver fibrosis. In recent years, the study found that the exosomes derived from different sources contained active protein, mRNA, microRNA, long noncoding RNA, and lipid components involved in the biological function of hepatic stellate cells, realized the communication between cells, which played the important regulatory role in the formation of liver fibrosis.ConclusionsExosomes derived from different sources and their contents play an important regulatory role in occurrence and development of liver fibrosis. In the future, exosomes might become a new non-invasive diagnostic method for liver fibrosis to help its early diagnosis, and might also be used as a biological active carrier to achieve its targeted therapy for targeted tissues and cells.
ObjectiveTo summarize the progress in research on the role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in liver diseases. MethodThe relevant literature at home and abroad in recent years was searched and reviewed. ResultsThe H2S played an important role in the occurrence and development of the liver diseases through anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, regulation of autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, angiogenesis, cell death, and other mechanisms. However, the relevant mechanisms are still controversial. Future studies needed to deeply explore the specific role of H2S in the different liver diseases, and how to accurately control its level in vivo and achieve targeted drug administration. ConclusionsThe concentration of H2S in vivo can be regulated by supplementing exogenous H2S, adjusting intestinal microbiota or inhibiting key enzymes of H2S synthesis, which provides a new strategy for the treatment of liver diseases. However, the relevant mechanisms are still controversial, and future research needs to delve into the specific role of H2S in different liver diseases, as well as how to precisely control its levels in vivo and achieve targeted drug delivery.